Orthopedic oncology focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of bone and soft tissue tumors, encompassing both benign and malignant growths. Advances in imaging technologies, including MRI, CT scans, and PET-CT, allow precise detection and staging of tumors, aiding in treatment planning and surgical precision. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to preserving function, preventing metastasis, and improving patient outcomes. Common tumors treated in orthopedic oncology include osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and soft tissue sarcomas, each requiring a tailored therapeutic approach.
Treatment strategies have evolved to combine surgical resection with adjunctive therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted biologics. Limb-sparing surgeries and reconstruction techniques, often aided by 3D printing and custom implants, enable preservation of mobility and function while effectively removing tumors. Multidisciplinary care involving orthopedic oncologists, radiologists, medical oncologists, and rehabilitation specialists ensures comprehensive management, addressing both the disease and postoperative recovery. These innovations highlight the shift toward precision, personalized care in orthopedic oncology, improving survival rates, functional outcomes, and overall quality of life for patients facing bone and soft tissue tumors.